- अ (A) - Pronounced like the 'u' in "but."
- आ (AA) - Similar to the 'a' in "father."
- इ (I) - Pronounced like the 'i' in "bit."
- ई (EE) - Similar to the 'ee' in "tree."
- उ (U) - Similar to the 'u' in "put."
- ऊ (OO) - Similar to the 'oo' in "food."
- ऋ (RI) - This is a unique sound, similar to the 'ri' in "sari."
- ॠ (REE) - Similar to the 'ree' in "tree."
- ए (E) - Pronounced like the 'e' in "pen."
- ऐ (AI) - Similar to the 'ai' in "fair."
- ओ (O) - Pronounced like the 'o' in "pot."
- औ (AU) - Similar to the 'au' in "haul."
- अं (AM) - The 'm' is nasal, like 'um' in "chum."
- अः (AH) - The 'h' is aspirated and pronounced like 'ah' with a breath.
Consonants:
- क (K) - Pronounced like the 'k' in "kite."
- ख (KH) - Aspirated 'k' sound, like the 'kh' in "khaki."
- ग (G) - Pronounced like the 'g' in "go."
- घ (GH) - Aspirated 'g' sound, like the 'gh' in "ghost."
- ङ (NG) - This represents the nasal 'ng' sound as in "sing."
- च (CH) - Pronounced like the 'ch' in "cheese."
- छ (CHH) - Aspirated 'ch' sound, like the 'chh' in "chhota."
- ज (J) - Similar to the 'j' in "jump."
- झ (JH) - Aspirated 'j' sound, like the 'jh' in "jhoola."
- ञ (NY) - Pronounced like 'ny' in "canyon."
- ट (Ṭ) - Pronounced like the 'ṭ' in "ṭable."
- ठ (ṬH) - Aspirated 'ṭ' sound, like the 'ṭh' in "ṭhanda."
- ड (Ḍ) - Similar to the 'ḍ' in "ḍuck."
- ढ (ḌH) - Aspirated 'ḍ' sound, like the 'ḍh' in "ḍhobi."
- ण (Ṇ) - Pronounced like the 'ṇ' in "aṇimal."
- त (T) - Similar to the 't' in "top."
- थ (TH) - Aspirated 't' sound, like the 'th' in "thanks."
- द (D) - Pronounced like the 'd' in "dog."
- ध (DH) - Aspirated 'd' sound, like the 'dh' in "dharma."
- न (N) - Similar to the 'n' in "no."
- प (P) - Pronounced like the 'p' in "pen."
- फ (PH) - Aspirated 'p' sound, like the 'ph' in "phone."
- ब (B) - Similar to the 'b' in "ball."
- भ (BH) - Aspirated 'b' sound, like the 'bh' in "bheem."
- म (M) - Pronounced like the 'm' in "man."
- य (Y) - Similar to the 'y' in "yellow."
- र (R) - Pronounced like the 'r' in "red."
- ल (L) - Similar to the 'l' in "lion."
- व (V) - Pronounced like the 'v' in "vase."
- श (SH) - Similar to the 'sh' in "shoe."
- ष (Ṣ) - Similar to the 'ṣ' in "ṣound."
- स (S) - Pronounced like the 's' in "snake."
- ह (H) - Pronounced like the 'h' in "hat."
These are the basic letters of the Hindi alphabet, including vowels and consonants. Each letter has its own unique pronunciation, and some have aspirated counterparts, denoted with an 'H' after the letter, which means the sound is pronounced with a puff of air.
